There are several effective methods of contraception available for both men and women to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Some of these are also effective in preventing the spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STIs). While there are multiple safe options, one should consult their doctor before deciding on a particular form of birth control to make the right choice based on their health and lifestyle.  This article lists some of the safest contraception methods:

1. Condoms
Condoms are highly effective for preventing unwanted pregnancies, and they also offer protection from sexually transmitted diseases and infections. These barrier contraceptives are inexpensive and easy to use, and they do not cause any side effects since they are hormone-free. Plus, condoms are available for both men and women, though male condoms are the most popular barrier contraceptive method. A spermicide foam, cream, jelly, or film can also be used along with condoms.

2. Diaphragms and cervical caps
These are also non-hormonal barrier methods of contraception. A diaphragm is a flexible cup that is placed in the vagina to prevent the sperm from entering the uterus, while a cervical cap covers the cervix to prevent the sperm and egg from meeting. Cervical caps or diaphragms need to be fitted by a doctor and should ideally be replaced once every year and two years, respectively. These birth control methods are 92-96 percent effective when used correctly, along with spermicide.

3. Birth control pills
Oral contraceptive pills are available in different types and may either contain just progestin or a combination of progestin and estrogen. Several brands and variants of oral contraceptive pills are available in the market, making it a popular contraception method used by women. These pills are also said to help reduce the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. In some cases, these pills may also result in lighter and less painful menstrual cycles. That said, birth control pills can also cause certain side effects like weight gain and mood swings due to hormonal imbalances.

4. Birth control shot
The birth control shot contains a synthetic form of progestin or progestogen, which is slowly released into the bloodstream over 12 weeks. This is a safe contraception method and is highly recommended for individuals who are likely to forget taking their birth control pills at the same time every day and would prefer to get a shot every 3 months instead.

5. Intrauterine devices
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) and implants are considered to be the most effective forms of long-term, reversible birth control methods available. IUDs are small, T-shaped devices that can be hormonal or non-hormonal. Hormonal IUDs contain progesterone, while non-hormonal ones are made of copper. These devices are one of the safest contraception methods and are highly effective in preventing pregnancy for 3-10 years, depending on the type.